Rethinking spaces of education: a multi-sited study of youth educational paths in northern Finland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30671/nordia.163587Abstrakti
Tämä väitöskirja sijoittuu maantieteen, kasvatustieteen ja nuorisotutkimuksen risteymiin. Se tarkastelee perusopetuksen ja toisen asteen koulutuksen välistä siirtymävaihetta 15–16-vuotiaiden nuorten keskuudessa Pohjois-Suomessa. Tämän siirtymävaiheen ja koulutuksellisten päätösten merkitys nuorten koulutuspoluilla on korostunut. Suomessa ja muualla nuorten kouluttautuminen nähdään keskeisenä tekijänä globaalin kilpailussa mukana pysymisessä ja tietoperustaisen talouden edistämisessä. Samalla koulutuksen alueellisen ja tilallisen eriarvoisuuden on katsottu lisääntyneen niin koulutuksen saavutettavuuden kuin koulutustason eriytymisen suhteen sekä Suomen alueiden sisällä että niiden välillä.
Näiden tilallisten jännitteiden ja dynamiikkojen moninaisuuden tarkastelemiseksi tämä tutkimus tarkastelee nuorten koulutuspolkuja koulutuksen tiloina. Tutkimus ammentaa relationaalisesta tilateoriasta, erityisesti Doreen Masseyn ajattelusta, ja tarkastelee näitä koulutuksen tiloja dynaamisesti rakentuvina eri paikoissa ja mittakaavoissa. Aineisto koostuu koulutusta käsittelevistä asiakirjoista ja aineistosta, joka on tuotettu sekä kaupunki- että maaseutualueilla sijaitsevissa pohjoissuomalaisissa kouluissa vuonna 2019. Aineistoon sisältyy nuorten haastatteluja ja etnografisia kenttämuistiinpanoja. Väitöskirjan kolme osatutkimusta syventyvät tarkastelemaan tilojen rakentumista politiikan, arjen ja tunteiden tilallisuuksien risteyskohdissa.
Tutkimus osoittaa, kuinka koulutuspolkuja muovaavat kansalliset politiikat, jotka ohjaavat millaista koulutusta on tarjolla ja missä. Tutkimus näyttää, miten keskitetyn koulutusverkon vuoksi Pohjois-Suomen harvaan asuttujen alueiden nuorilta odotetaan usein liikkuvuutta. Tutkimus tuo esiin, miten tilallisuudet ulottuvat politiikan tilallisuuksista nuorten arjen paikkasuhteisiin. Lisäksi tutkimus korostaa, miten nuorten koulutuspolut tiloina kietoutuvat tunteisiin, ja tarkastelee, miten tunteiden ja tilallisuuden yhteen kietoutuminen suuntautuu vahvasti tulevaisuuteen – ja miten nämä tulevaisuudet kytkeytyvät kuvitelmiin paitsi nuorista myös valtiosta ja pohjoisista alueista.
Väitöskirja edistää koulutuksen tilojen uudelleenajattelua monipaikkaisen ja -mittakaavaisen lähestymistavan kautta, joka tuottaa uutta tietoa nuorten koulutuspolkujen tilallisuuksista. Tämä työ tekee näkyväksi, että nuorten koulutuspolut eivät ole pelkästään lineaarisia siirtymiä koulutusasteelta toiselle, vaan niihin liittyy monimutkaisia ja dynaamisia tilallisuuksia politiikan, arjen ja tunteiden risteyksessä. Tällainen tilallinen näkökulma tuo esiin, että nuorten koulutuspolkujen tilat ja niihin liittyvät eriarvoisuudet eivät ole pysyviä tai yhtenäisiä, vaan aktiivisesti tuotettuja ja siten myös muutettavissa.
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